Lead service lines by state (2026)

How many lead, galvanized and unknown-material service lines each state's water systems reported to EPA (Q3 2026), whether state law makes utilities pay for the private side, and how many utility programs we've confirmed.

#	State	Lead	Galv.	Unknown	Who pays	Programs
1	Illinois	609,945	57,405	487,630	Varies	47
2	Ohio	267,041	55,432	771,992	Varies	18
3	New York	251,269	37,787	909,470	Varies	13
4	Michigan	200,624	54,612	272,807	Utility pays	20
5	Indiana	169,430	21,503	519,617	Varies	16
6	Wisconsin	146,354	12,730	154,053	Varies	14
7	New Jersey	56,627	58,544	562,655	Utility pays	16
8	Texas	4,508	110,364	2,029,201	Varies	1
9	Pennsylvania	65,279	48,432	1,975,389	Varies	25
10	Minnesota	67,919	19,095	194,610	Utility pays	5
11	Kansas	17,051	60,234	169,572	Varies	2
12	Missouri	32,202	39,938	810,411	Varies	7
13	Alabama	14,083	55,147	186,629	Varies	1
14	Iowa	53,737	12,486	193,966	Varies	7
15	Tennessee	23,018	41,099	605,767	Varies	3
16	Georgia	294	50,048	587,814	Varies	—
17	Nebraska	22,229	26,483	83,261	Varies	2
18	Massachusetts	28,562	13,175	336,794	Varies	6
19	Florida	4,346	36,167	1,622,534	Varies	2
20	Rhode Island	29,755	1,731	53,375	Utility pays	2
21	Kentucky	5,248	22,788	405,322	Varies	2
22	Mississippi	4,514	19,166	154,632	Varies	1
23	Colorado	18,792	2,618	127,172	Varies	2
24	Louisiana	16,640	2,753	649,852	Varies	1
25	District of Columbia	16,935	220	13,427	Utility pays	1
26	U.S. Virgin Islands	0	16,880	0	Varies	—
27	South Carolina	6,570	9,667	319,179	Varies	1
28	Oklahoma	4,853	9,467	550,719	Varies	—
29	Virginia	3,621	10,266	493,070	Varies	1
30	North Carolina	350	13,301	746,551	Varies	—
31	Connecticut	7,993	5,178	273,032	Varies	3
32	California	3	12,440	549,950	Varies	1
33	Arkansas	260	11,309	372,912	Varies	—
34	West Virginia	4,906	3,493	230,825	Varies	1
35	Washington	237	6,686	171,412	Varies	1
36	Delaware	2,691	3,601	109,782	Varies	1
37	North Dakota	4,963	695	82,732	Varies	1
38	Wyoming	672	2,742	70,580	Varies	—
39	Montana	482	2,764	60,132	Varies	—
40	Maryland	109	3,027	539,278	Varies	1
41	Arizona	6	2,788	644,252	Varies	—
42	Idaho	632	2,136	82,374	Varies	—
43	South Dakota	2,081	618	77,277	Varies	—
44	New Hampshire	233	2,085	94,360	Varies	—
45	Vermont	52	1,745	32,981	Varies	—
46	Maine	30	1,604	29,753	Varies	—
47	Nevada	0	1,093	121,524	Varies	—
48	Utah	270	747	66,919	Varies	—
49	New Mexico	23	530	298,444	Varies	—
50	Hawaii	0	490	28,444	Varies	—
51	Puerto Rico	4	139	484,815	Varies	—
52	Alaska	0	16	24,032	Varies	—

Source: EPA SDWIS Service Line Inventory, Q3 2026; state rules from statutes and regulators cited on each state page.